u̯er-3: E. u̯er-ĝh- (*su̯erĝʷh-)

    u̯er-3: E. u̯er-ĝh- (*su̯erĝʷh-)

    English meaning: to turn, press, strangle

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “drehen, einengen, wũrgen, pressen”

    Note: nasalized u̯renĝh- Root u̯er-3: E. u̯er-ĝh- (*su̯erĝʷh-): “to turn, press, strangle” derived from g- extension of Root u̯eis-2 : “to turn, bend” [rhotacism -s- > -r-].

    Material: O.Ice. virgill “rope”, urga “rope, hawser-end”, O.S. wurgil “rope”, M.H.G. erwergen st. V. “erwũrgen”, O.H.G. wurgen “die Kehle zusammenschnũren, erwũrgen”, O.E. wyrgan ds.; O.Ice. vargr (“*Wũrger”=) “wolf, geächteter Verbrecher”, O.E. wearg, O.S. O.H.G. war(a)g “ robber, Verbrecher”, Goth. launawargs “undankbarer person”, gawargjan (“zum *warga- make”) = “verdammen” = O.E. wiergan “verfluchen”, O.S. waragean “as einen Verbrecher punish, curse” etc.; Maybe Alb.Gheg (*vargha) varza “girl, virgin” : Lat. virga “ thin branch, rod “ (from *u̯iz-gü), virgō “ girl, virgin “; Root u̯er-3: E. u̯er-ĝh- (*su̯erĝʷh-): “to turn, press, strangle” < rhotacism s/r of Root u̯eis-2 : “to turn, bend”. Alb. z-vjerth “entwöhne” (“binde los”; doubt, if not to *u̯ert-, by Pedersen KZ. 36, 335); Lith. veržiù , ver̃žti “einengen, lace, tie, press”, veržỹ s, viržỹ s “rope”, virže ́ ti “bind”, váržas “fish snaring net”, Ltv. vērzt “wenden, turn, kehren, lenken”, varzi ‘setzkorb”, var̃za “Fischwehr; eine verwickelte thing”; O.C.S. -vrьzǫ , -vrěsti “bind”, Russ. pá-voroz “Zugschnur (amBeutel)”, Pol. powróz “rope”, Sloven. vrzēl f. “fence, hedge “, perhaps also Russ. vérša, Pol. wiersza (*u̯erĝh-si̯ü) “Reuse”, Clr. veréslo (*u̯erĝh-s-lo-) “Kũrbisstengel”, Cz. povříslo “Garbenband, Strohband”, Serb. vrijèslo “Kesselhaken”; Lith. viržỹ s , Ltv. vìrsis (*u̯r̥ĝhi̯o-) “Heidekraut”, changing through ablaut Russ. véres, véresk “Heidekraut”, Pol. wrzos, Serb. vrȉjes ds.; Lith. vir̃kštis, Ltv. virksne (*virsk) ‘stiff, intense Kraut from Bohnen, Kartoffeln; Ranken from Erbsen, Hopfen”; compare from the iextension *u̯(e)rei-k- die words for Heidekraut Gk. (F)ἐρείκη, O.Ir. froech, Welsh grug (*u̯roiko-). Nasalized *u̯renĝh-: Gk. ῥίμφα (*u̯renghu̯-, Schwyzer Gk. 1, 302) “rash, hasty, behende” (‘sich drehend”); O.H.G. (ge)ringi “light”, O.Fris. ring, M.Du. gheringhe, M.L.G. M.H.G. (ge)ringi “light, quick, fast willing, ready”, if M.L.G. Fris. r- instead of to erwartenden wr- through old dissimil. reduction of w- in the Vorstufe Proto-Gmc. *wrinʒwja- (from *u̯renghu̯-) to define is; with other meaning development: O.E. O.S. wrengan “fest zusammendrehen, winden, press”, O.H.G. ringan ‘sich windend anstrengen, luctüri”, Ger. ringen to Dan. vringle “winden”, M.L.G. mnl.wrang “bitter”, M.H.G. rang “Umdrehung”, O.E. wrang n. (Eng. wrong) “ wrong; injustice “ (< aNor. vrang), O.E.wrang(a) m. ‘schiffsbauch” (< aNor. vrǫng), Alem. rang “ convolution “; Goth. wruggō “ loop, noose, snare “; O.Ice.rangr (O.S. vranger) “crooked, verdreht, unrecht”, M.L.G. wrank, wrange ‘sour, bitter”, O.Ice.rǫng f. “Krummholz”, O.E. wrang, M.L.G. urange f. ds.

    References: WP. I 272 f., II 373, Trautmann 355, 362, Vasmer 1, 186 f., E. Fraenkel KZ. 72, 193 f.

    See also: compare u̯erĝ- under S. 1168.